ROCK & ROLL HALL OF FAME INDUCTEES Def Leppard are one of the most important forces in rock music. Get ready for a wild ride this summer!” Mötley Crüe said in a joint statement. We can’t wait to finally see all the fans across North America again. “It’s on! We don’t think we’ve ever looked forward more to kicking off a tour than this one. The band is ready to deliver an over the top stage show packed full of hit songs. They have over 15 million social media followers, a New York Times best-seller and a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame. The band have amassed close to 5 billion streams across digital platforms. Mötley Crüe have sold over 100 million albums worldwide, achieving 7 platinum and multi-platinum albums, 9 Top 10 albums, 22 Top 40 Mainstream Rock hits, 6 Top 20 Pop singles and 3 GRAMMY nominations. The 35th anniversary of their GIRLS, GIRLS, GIRLS hit album is coming up on May 15. In 2021, Mötley Crüe celebrated their 40th band anniversary, as well as the 40th birthday of their iconic debut album, TOO FAST FOR LOVE. For complete presale details visit For Toronto, Vancouver, and Edmonton shows American Express® Card Members can purchase tickets before the general public beginning Tuesday, February 22 at 10 am local time until Thursday, February 24 at 10 pm local time.įollowing the huge success of their NETFLIX biopic THE DIRT, Mötley Crüe has seen a massive surge in new audience with fans around the world demanding the band tour again. This led to the band members reuniting and announcing that “Mötley Crüe is back” in 2019. While The Dirt caused a meteoric 350% increase in streams of Mötley Crüe’s music across all platforms and the younger 18-44 demographic now represents 64% of the band’s fanbase most of the new fans have never seen any of the band’s legendary live shows that Crüeheads have relished for 4 decades. Citi cardmembers will have access to purchase presale tickets for Indianapolis and Las Vegas shows beginning Tuesday, February 22 at 10 am local time until Thursday, February 24 at 10 pm local time through the Citi Entertainment program. 25 at 10 am local time.Ĭiti is the official card of The Stadium Tour. Def Leppard & Mötley Crüe VIP offerings for the 5 new shows will be available coinciding with the general onsale next Friday Feb. Tickets for the new dates will go on-sale to the general public beginning Friday, February 25 at 10 am local time at check local listings for details. Produced by Live Nation, the summer tour is set to steamroll through North America starting June 2022.ĭue to fan demand, the tour is adding 5 all new stadium shows to the epic run. and Canada where each band will bring their electrifying stage shows while promising to perform their stadium sized anthems. THE STADIUM TOUR featuring, MÖTLEY CRÜE, DEF LEPPARD with POISON and JOAN JETT & THE BLACKHEARTS will hit select cities in the U.S. 25 AT 10 AM LOCAL TIME ON LIVENATION.COMĪfter two summers of delays it is FINALLY happening!! The world’s most iconic and celebrated rock legends will hit the road together this summer for a coheadlining tour SO MASSIVE that it could only be held in North America’s biggest stadiums. BIGGEST NORTH AMERICAN STADIUM TOUR OF 2022 KICKS OFF THIS JUNE OVER 1 MILLION TICKETS ALREADY SOLD 5 NEW SHOWS ADDED NEW DATES ON SALE STARTING FEB.
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But when Chill arrives at the public lobby, one of Falcone’s goons beats Bruce to the punch, shooting Chill dead.īruce’s childhood friend Rachel Dawes discovers Bruce’s intentions and slaps him across the face. Bruce waits outside of the courtroom with a gun, intending to kill Chill after his testimony. Bruce learns that Joe Chill has been paroled so that he can testify against Gotham crime boss Carmine Falcone. The moment happens not when Bruce Wayne is masquerading as a vigilante dressed as a bat, but when he’s a young man still trying to come to grips with the murder of his parents. This scene from the first film in Nolan’s trilogy is the darkest because of how real it feels for the main characters. Bruce Attempts to Kill Joe Chill – Batman Begins This monster version of the Bat was certainly a step in the right direction for comic fans hoping the Batman films would get the terror element of the character right. The fear toxin takes effect and Crane begins to see Batman as a demonic, literal interpretation of the Batman, with black goo dripping from his mouth and jet-black eyes. In the climax of the film, when Cillian Murphy’s Scarecrow attempts to poison Gotham City’s water supply with his fear toxin, the good doctor is confronted by Batman and given a taste of his own medicine. When Bruce Wayne said he wanted to strike fear in the hearts of criminals, this must have been what he was talking about. However, the hands down scariest portrayal of the Caped Crusader on screen comes in Batman Begins. While horror has seeped its way into Batman comics many times, particularly during Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo’s recent run with the character, there hasn’t been a ton of nightmarish imagery present in the film adaptations of the character. Bale’s Batman establishes himself as something to be scared of and as an all-seeing force to be reckoned with. This is the opposite of one of George Clooney’s one-liners during his time under the cowl. When Flass swears to God that he doesn’t know anything, Batman replies, “Swear to me!” his face tremoring with rage. After failing to strike fear in Flass, Batman hangs the portly man upside down from a building. Jonathan Crane’s mysterious drug shipments. Whether Bale goes too far with his growly tenor and into comedic territory is up for debate, but the choice is certainly memorable.īale really gets to rough up his vocal cords during a specific scene in Batman Begins where the Dark Knight confronts crooked cop Arnold Flass about Dr. “Swear to me!” – Batman BeginsĪudiences knew they were in for a different type of Batman from the moment they heard Bale’s gravelly voice while he was in the suit. Below are just a few examples of the darkest, most horrific moments from The Dark Knight Trilogy. Snyder didn’t make Batman too dark for film audiences, that was already done by Nolan. That is to say Nolan and Christian Bale’s Batman sought to be a street-level, gritty, interpretation of the character that emphasized noir and a grounded reality. The Batman of Nolan’s films was not inspired by the kid-friendly or campy iterations of the character found in the Batman TV series from the ‘60s or Joel Schumacher’s films, but by Miller and David Mazzucchelli’s Batman: Year One, and Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale’s Batman: The Long Halloween. Less than a decade ago, Warner Brothers was hot off of the success of Nolan’s trio of films that no one would describe as light-hearted or quippy. Snyder can hardly be blamed for expanding on what audiences were already responding to when it came to DC characters on film. However, Snyder’s approach only mirrored many of DC’s most popular storylines, from Frank Miller’s violent The Dark Knight Returns to the on-screen The Dark Knight Trilogy from director Christopher Nolan. Indeed, one of the studio’s chief complaints with Snyder’s vision, which they believe impacted box office receipts, was his darker tone when compared with the quippier MCU. Despite the anticipation and a near-guaranteed positive reception from the vocal #ReleaseTheSnyderCut fan contingent, this will likely be Snyder’s last foray in the DC Universe. Later this month, Zack Snyder’s Justice League is hitting HBO Max. Sadly even an exciting conclusion gives way to a rubbish final shot of slow-mo sentiment. The film ends in a stronger final 20 minutes where we get a helicopter chase and some well shot scenes with a crop duster but even these are filled with the same lack of logic that the middle section of the film suffers from. It still remains interesting and watchable but the word 'thriller' is not one that I would pick. The film should have been tighter, with a deeper conspiracy, a tangible threat and a real sense of it being a race against time but it doesn't manage it. Things happen but there is no consistent tension or excitement to speak of the astronauts are forced into one-off moments of danger but that's about it this leaves Caulfield as the main thread which, while enjoyable, still doesn't manage to cut it. What spoils it is the writing the start gives it the foundation to build on but it doesn't manage to build very much at all. However from the moment the astronauts escape the film has already taken a real dip from the good start. This is a solid start and it continues in an aborted launch that immediately sets up a premise that is so simple and so effective that it promises a great film to come. The film opens with a blacked out screen with a man introducing the mission launch to gathering (unseen) journalists. Meanwhile journalist Robert Caulfield tries to follow a suspicious lead given to him by a man inside NASA only for the man to vanish and for Robert to be nearly killed when his brakes 'fail' he investigates what he suspects but cannot believe. However when the rocket explodes on re-entry, the astronauts realize that the men in charge have only one way to keep their secret killing them. The astronauts are taken to a soundstage and informed that the mission would have failed, killing the space programme however the plan is to fake the landing and keep the funding a plan the astronauts begrudgingly agree to when they see their options are very limited. However, mere minutes before the launch, the astronauts are spirited away from the rocket while the mission goes ahead but unmanned with the vast majority of NASA, the media, the politicians and the American people completely unaware that this has occurred. America is excited by a new space launch the mission to mars putting them past their 'space fatigue'. With enhanced auto mechanics, habit-forming gameplay, and fantastic visuals, New Super Mario Bros. Transformice consists of primary features including bounce amounts, unlockable success, power-ups, upgrades, entirely cost-free to play, and great deals of various other factors, and so on By the end of the degree, the gamer can return into the hole to save the cheese to hit the following degree. The video game was released in 2014 and is offered to play on the iPhone platform only. Bogeyman Saber is a 2D Action, Journey, Side-Scrolling, Puzzle-Platform, and Single-player computer game cultivated produced through Eleftherios Christodoulatos. It is actually the 1st splendid entry in the set of Banjo Kazooie. Please keep it improved and do not let it come to be past history. I wish the designers of this game would create additional levels and take care of a married couple with little complications it’s got. I think some video game designers think that if they make it as well hard to succeed that individuals are going to maintain returning and perhaps therefore for some, yet certainly not I. Supercow is actually the type of video game that the whole entire family members can appreciate together. Super Cow is actually an exciting system video game designed for children, but addictive for any age. The outline goes on and on without being actually mundane as there are numerous difficulties to overcome. Moreover, the activity is going to manage also on the low-power computer systems. Dynamic activities to play on the internet super cow which can be on our website captures the extremely first seconds after it began. And the opportunity has not come on egotistic, given that appeared a fantastic laid-back thriller, a setup of the activity in several aspects superior to even the absolute most blockbuster Hollywood. In the production of game programmers invested as a lot pair of years. You might possess heard about the terrific game called “Super Cow”. Along with immersive and very addictive gameplay, a well-written storyline, excellent visuals, and amazing game mechanics, Lep’s World is actually an excellent System game to participate in and delight in. Lep’s World consists of core components including Multiplayer Modes, deadly Enemies, more than 6 different game Globes, and Power-ups. U supplies rather excellent gameplay along with uncomplicated managements and wonderful graphics information. With timeless graphics, side-scrolling action, and refine controls, New Super Mario Bros. Improvement Thrill setting is one of the most impressive settings that take place in the scrolling degree, which improves the rate as the gamer begins collecting pieces. Throughout the gameplay, the gamer may experience multiple difficulties including opponents, challenges, and various sorts of challenges that the player should deal with to n order to proceed. It makes it possible for the player to gather all the solar cells that will definitely help the gamer to uncover the next degree. The activity supplies different degrees, and each degree offers a various area with more complex gameplay. God of Blades gives various modes, featuring campaign mode and tale method, and each activity setting is composed of a number of degrees. The activity delivers an impressive environment that has plenty of awful adversary critters, and it makes it possible for the player to submerse themself into the action-packed, electrifying activity world. It features various degrees through which the eggs are actually concealed or given the player as incentives for achieving particular degrees and activities. You can easily look into the video game world coming from a third-person perspective, and the major job of the game is actually to compile special eggs that are dispersed around thirty-seven different globes. Certainly, not all amounts demand you to just locate the exit, some need you to locate all the concealed tricks or damage all adversaries. It is actually simply a fun, well-rounded ready kid or grownups and I highly recommend it.
On February 24, 2007, Jones married Barbadian sprinter and 2000 Olympic 100m bronze medalist Obadele Thompson. The investigation into Montgomery's illegal substance use once more called into question Jones's own protests about not using steroids and never having been tested positive for steroids, especially in light of former trainer Trevor Graham's increasingly visible role in the BALCO case. Montgomery later announced his retirement. Montgomery fought the ban but lost the appeal on December 13, 2005, receiving a two-year ban from track and field competition the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) also stripped Montgomery of all race results, records and medals, from March 31, 2001, onward. The USADA sought a four-year suspension for Montgomery. Montgomery, who did not qualify for the 2004 Olympic Track and Field team for poor performance, was charged by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), as part of the investigation into the BALCO doping scandal, with receiving and using banned performance-enhancing drugs. Because of her pregnancy, Jones missed the 2003 World Championships but spent a year preparing for the 2004 Olympics. On June 28, 2003, Jones gave birth to a son, Tim Montgomery Jr, with then-boyfriend Tim Montgomery, a world-class sprinter himself. Jones would later write in her autobiography, Marion Jones: Life in the Fast Lane, that Hunter's positive drug tests hurt their marriage and her image as a drug-free athlete. As late as 2004, Hunter was still denying the charges and attempting to gain access to the results to see if they could be analyzed further. At a press conference where Hunter broke down in tears, he denied taking any performance-enhancing drugs, much less the easily detected nandrolone (which showed up in all four tests in amounts over 1,000 times normal levels) Victor Conte of BALCO, who was regularly supplying "nutritional supplements" to athletes trained by Trevor Graham, blamed the test results on "an iron supplement" that contained nandrolone precursors and tied previous positive nandrolone tests from Jamaican sprinter Merlene Ottey and British sprinter Linford Christie to the same supplement. Hunter was immediately suspended from taking any role at the Sydney games, and he was ordered to surrender his on-field coaching credentials. However, just hours after Marion Jones won her first of the planned five golds, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that Hunter had failed four pre-Olympic drug tests, testing positive each time for the banned anabolic steroid nandrolone. Hunter, had withdrawn from the shot-put competition for a knee injury, though he was allowed to keep his coaching credentials and attend the games to support his wife. In the run-up to the 2000 Olympics, Jones declared that she intended to win gold medals in all five of her competition events at Sydney. Jones and Hunter were married on October 3, 1998, and trained for the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. Hunter voluntarily resigned his position at UNC to comply with the requirements of university rules prohibiting coach-athlete dating. While there, she met and began dating one of the track coaches, shot putter C.J. Jones is also a 1997 graduate of the University of North Carolina (UNC). By the age of 15, she was routinely dominating California high school athletics both on the track and the basketball court. Jones turned to sports as an outlet for her grief: running, pickup basketball games, and anything else her brother Albert was doing athletically. Toler became a stay-at-home dad to Jones and her older half-brother, Albert Kelly, until his sudden death in 1987. Her parents split when she was very young, and Jones's mother remarried a retired postal worker, Ira Toler, three years later. She holds dual citizenship with the United States and Belize. Marion Jones was born to George Jones and his wife, Marion, (originally from Belize) in Los Angeles, California. Olympic Committee demands return of Olympic medals 4.3 Admission of lying during BALCO investigation.4 Use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs.Jones has also played professional basketball in the WNBA, as point guard in the team of Tulsa Shock between 20. Hunter, and 100 m sprinter Tim Montgomery, the father of Jones's first child. The performance enhancing substance usage scandal covered more than 20 top level athletes, including Jones's ex-husband, shot putter C.J. Jones was one of the most famous athletes to be linked to the BALCO scandal. She won three gold medals and two bronze medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, but was later stripped of her medals after admitting to steroid use. Marion Lois Jones (born October 12, 1975), also known as Marion Jones-Thompson, is an American former world champion track and field athlete and former professional basketball player. Mafia 3, the series’ most recent release from studio Hangar 13, hews more closely to the likes of Rockstar with a focus on side activities and a story centered around a war veteran trying to escape the demons of his past (Niko Bellic, anyone?). These games come across as more grounded than the GTA series and its ilk, but you can easily see the echoes of titles like San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto 4 shining through their design. There is yet to exist a Grand Theft Auto game which doesn’t include a run-in with the Mafia in some measure, which naturally leaves 2K’s Mafia series as a good starting point for open-world enthusiasts with a taste for organized crime. True it's a bit of an older game, but it's backwards compatible on Xbox One and was ported to Nintendo Switch in 2019, so you have an excellent excuse to revisit the Saints. Lots of GTA-likes get bogged down in being self-serious, while Saints Row is content to just be as silly as it possibly can be. There's a small-scale zombie apocalypse, player choices that actually matter, Burt f***ing Reynolds, and a three-foot long dildo bat melee weapon. This is a game where your gang is so famous and beloved that the opening mission has you robbing a bank dressed in novelty costumes of. That all changed with Saints Row: The Third, which looked at how grim and serious GTA games were getting, said, "f that," and went balls-to-the-wall silly. The result was a lacklustre effort that garnered a cult following for two games, but failed to stand apart. Saints Row started as a pale imitation of GTA, desperately aping Rockstar's designs. And if your sushi rolling skills or nigiri sushi hand forming skills are lacking, then this is your get out of jail free card. You will soon see that this dish is a delicious change of pace. And like my mother's futomaki, it also never had any meat in it. There are many different variations of chirashi sushi, but this one is my favorite. These two kind of feel like Japanese comfort food to me without the requirement of having to be fried or full of fat (and believe you me I know about that too since my dad is from the south and I grew up in the south - and yes, I do have heritage confusion issues. Not the same one that the 'normal' sushi fare fits in like maki sushi or nigiri sushi. INGREDIENTS 1-2 cm of fresh ginger, finely chopped 1 garlic clove, finely chopped 1 spring onion, finely chopped 1 Tbsp soy sauce 4 Tbsps. The base of chirashi sushi is sushi rice that. If youre averse to raw fish, have limited. There is no shaping or molding of the rice its usually placed in a large container that makes for easy mixing. For some reason I kind of put them in the same category. Chirashizushi is the simplest, homiest, and most varied form of sushi. Add the green beans, broccolini stalks and 1/2 teaspoon salt and cook until crisp-tender, 3 to 5 minutes. My mother's chirashi sushi actually brings back the same memories to me as her futomaki does. Slice off the broccolini tops, creating small florets, and set aside. So without further ado, let's learn how to make Chirashi sushi the best way.The way my mother use to make it. Traditionally, it is also eaten on Hinamatsuri (Doll's day or Girl's day) on March 3. Many times it may be left to either the chef's Really is no "set" recipe for chirashi sushi and the ingredients tend Get a chance, you have to give this stuff a try. Resemblance to pink cherry blossoms, it is delicious year around. Is one of my favorite things to add to futomaki and Chirashi sushi.Īlthough it is more frequently used in the spring because of its Unagi (eel), omelette slices, tofu or fried tofu, scallions, greenĭenbu (seasoned ground codfish) is sweetened and pinkish in color and Ingredients that go well in it are crab, avocado, carrots, green beans, ingredients 6 cups prepared sushi rice (see recipe below) 2 Hass avocadoes, in 1/2-inch strips salt 1 lb cucumber, carrot, daikon, cut into matchsticks (any. Chirashi Sushi is sometimes mixed up with Barazushi which doesn’t contain much raw fish other than decoration. Kamaboko (fish cakes), soboro (meat, egg, or fish), bamboo shoots, lotus Chirashi Sushi (Chirashizushi) is a kind of Sushi dish with thinly sliced Sashimi raw fish placed over a bed of Sushi Rice, instead of single pieces (Nigiri Sushi) or rolls (Maki Sushi). Ingredients that are not used in most other types of sushi like, Only vegetables,Įggs, fried tofu, etc., And often Chirashi Sushi contains a lot of Of Chirashi Sushi in Japan actually contain no meat. If he continues to put up record-breaking numbers, Trout has to be seen as one of the safest investments within the hobby.Īre Mike Trout RCs a good investment in 2022? Definitely, even if they’re valuable enough to ensure that the average collector is priced out of owning pristine copies.Ĭheck all available Mike Trout rookie cards on eBay. The player still has goals to chase, and has nine years remaining on his massive 12-year, $426.5 million deal. In any case, they’re likely to be some of the best options within the sport. The slight lull could lead to great prices, so we’re keeping tabs on the situation. We’re big on Trout cards, and aim to add a few RCs to our collection over the coming year. Fans are also looking forward to seeing Trout with a star-studded Angels team after he only appeared in 36 games in 2021. Coming in at the number one Mike Trout rookie card to buy now is his 2009 Bowman Chrome Draft Picks and Prospects autograph refractor. Taking up the mantle from Derek Jeter, Trout is one of the greatest players of all-time, with a collection of rookie cards which rival almost any athlete. Top 10 Mike Trout Cards: Buying/Selling Advice Either of the top two would be our pick, depending on your budget. They all have the potential to make money over the next decade, especially if you view the cards as a long-term investment option. 2011 Topps Update US175 Mike Trout Rookie Card BGS BCCG 9 Near Mint+. Such is the legacy of Mike Trout, it’s hard to choose one specific RC from the list. We’ve put together a guide for potential buyers. Mike Trout is a GOAT within the sport, with a plethora of cards available at a range of different price points. Given the popularity, rarity, and the timeless design, it’s our pick as the best Mike Trout card overall. Include relevant card information and 2 photos (back and front). If you would like a free Mike Trout card appraisal, please email. They’re especially prone to wear and tear, with the top layer flaking at the slightest touch. The most valuable Mike Trout rookie card is the 2009 Bowman Chrome Auto Rookie Card BDPP89 Superfractor 1/1, selling for a mind-numbing 3.9 million dollars on August 23rd, 2020, via Goldin Auctions. This is easily the best Mike Trout card on the market, thanks to the mix of scarcity, brand familiarity, and the card’s iconic nature. Mike TROUT Rookie Card RP US175 Gold Ser 0027/2011 Angels RC 2011 T DreamCardsCo 5 out of 5 stars (1,347) 3.19 FREE shipping Add to Favorites Mike Trout Rookie. The 2009 Bowman Chrome Auto is widely regarded as the pinnacle of current baseball card design. (Did we mention that they’re also serial numbered?) MIKE TROUT TOPPS ROOKIE OF THE YEAR, DEFENSIVE PLAYER OF THE YEAR AND ALL STAR GOLD ROOKIE CUP 3 CARD LOT GRADED PSA 10 GEM MINT ANGELS MVP SUPERSTAR PLAYER. The first Mike Trout Rookie card isthe 2009 Bowman Chrome Autograph. 2011 Finest Baseball Mike Trout RC 94 It's unfortunate Trout is pictured with such an awkward face as 2011 Finest Baseball has a fantastic design. It comes with a slick, modern design and features a photo that actually looks good. A ridiculously high-end option, 2013 Fleer Retro Precious Metal Gems features the player wrapped in either a Blue, Red or Green chromium finish. Very tough to find, the 2011 Bowman Sterling Mike Trout is the outfielder's most desirable official rookie card. Mike TROUT Novelty Rookie RP Card US175 Gold Angels RC 2011 T. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.īleacher Nation is supported in part by affiliate advertising programs, which you can learn more about here.The top spot on our list goes to Trout’s Fleer PMG release. 2011 Mike Trout, Shohei Ohtani Autograph Rookie Card Lot. It's just a media site that happens to cover MLB, the NFL, the NBA, the NHL, the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago Bears, the Chicago Bulls, and the Chicago Blackhawks.īleacher Nation is a participant in the Amazon Associates Program. Buy from many sellers and get your cards all in one shipment Rookie cards, autographs and more. 2012 MIKE TROUT TOPPS UPDATE AT BAT ROOKIE CARD US144 PSA 10 GEM MINT. None of MLB, the NFL, the NBA, the NHL, the Cubs, the Bears, the Bulls, the White Sox, or the Blackhawks have endorsed, supported, directed, or participated in the creation of the content at this site, or in the creation of the site itself. Shop COMC's extensive selection of mike trout rookie card baseball cards. Bleacher Nation is a private media site, and it is not affiliated in any way with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago Bears, the Chicago Bulls, the Chicago White Sox, or the Chicago Blackhawks. © 2022 Bleacher Nation | Chicago Sports News, Rumors, and Obsessionīleacher Nation Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. March 25, 2002: Philips and Sony agreed to establish a technology specification and created a technical outline.The device allowed data communication between two units in close proximity. The patent was originally held by Andrew White and Marc Borrett at Innovision Research and Technology (Patent WO9723060). 1997: Early form patented and first used in Star Wars character toys for Hasbro.May 17, 1983: The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation " RFID" was granted to Charles Walton.Similar ideas in advertising and industrial applications were not generally successful commercially, outpaced by technologies such as QR codes, barcodes and UHF RFID tags. This is used for identification, authentication and tracking. NFC is rooted in radio-frequency identification technology (known as RFID) which allows compatible hardware to both supply power to and communicate with an otherwise unpowered and passive electronic tag using radio waves. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. This section is in list format but may read better as prose. In addition, when one of the connected devices has Internet connectivity, the other can exchange data with online services. Present and anticipated applications include contactless transactions, data exchange and simplified setup of more complex communications such as Wi-Fi. A platform-independent free and open source NFC library, libnfc, is available under the GNU Lesser General Public License. This program was under development by Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories, and was terminated in May 2012. These are standardized to NFC protocols, replacing proprietary technologies used by earlier systems.Ī patent licensing program for NFC is under deployment by France Brevets, a patent fund created in 2011. NFC-enabled portable devices can be provided with application software, for example to read electronic tags or make payments when connected to an NFC-compliant system. GSMA's efforts include Trusted Services Manager, Single Wire Protocol, testing/certification and secure element. In addition to the NFC Forum, the GSMA group defined a platform for the deployment of GSMA NFC Standards within mobile handsets. The standards include ISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by the NFC Forum. NFC standards cover communications protocols and data exchange formats and are based on existing radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards including ISO/IEC 14443 and FeliCa. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms as is done for credit cards and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network. The forum was responsible for promoting the technology and setting standards and certifies device compliance. The standards were provided by the NFC Forum. Like other " proximity card" technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two so-called antennas present on NFC-enabled devices-for example a smartphone and a printer-communicating in one or both directions, using a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio frequency ISM band using the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 424 kbit/s. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more-capable wireless connections. Near-field communication ( NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1 1⁄ 2 in) or less. This chip is commonly found in smartphones and other NFC devices. The Secure Element chip, an NFC chip that contains data such as the Secure Element identifier (SEID) for secure transactions. |